Thursday, September 22, 2011

Eliminate Left Recursion

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#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
char inp[50][50];
char out[50][50];
void im_rec(int);
void indirect(int,int);
int out_ptr=0,len;
int main(){
   int i=0,j,f=0;
   char key[2];
   printf("Enter the grammer. Enter 's' to stop\n");
   while(1){
     scanf("%s",inp[i]);
     if(strcmp(inp[i],"s")==0)
       break;
     i++;
   }
   len=i;
   for(i=0;i<len;i++){
     f=0;
     for(j=0;inp[i][j]!='\0';j++){
       if((inp[i][j]=='>' || inp[i][j]=='|') && inp[i][j+1]==inp[i][0]){
         im_rec(i);
         indirect(i,out_ptr-2);
         f=1;
         break;
       }
     }
     if(f==0){
       strcpy(out[out_ptr++],inp[i]);
       indirect(i,out_ptr-1);
     }
   }
   printf("Grammer without Left Recursion\n");
   for(i=0;i<out_ptr;i++)
     printf("%s\n",out[i]);
   return 0;
}
void im_rec(int i){
   int j=0,outj=2,outj1=3;
   char ep[11]="|epsilon";
ep[8]='\0';
   out[out_ptr][j]=inp[i][j];
   out[out_ptr+1][j]=inp[i][j];
   out[out_ptr][++j]='-';
   out[out_ptr+1][j]='\'';
   out[out_ptr][++j]='>';
   out[out_ptr+1][j]='-';
   out[out_ptr+1][++j]='>';
   do{
     if((inp[i][j-1]=='>' || inp[i][j-1]=='|') && inp[i][j]==inp[i][0]){
     j++;
     if(out[out_ptr+1][outj1]!='>')
       out[out_ptr+1][++outj1]='|';
       while(inp[i][j]!='\0' && inp[i][j]!='|'){
         out[out_ptr+1][++outj1]=inp[i][j++];

       }
       out[out_ptr+1][++outj1]=inp[i][0];
       out[out_ptr+1][++outj1]='\'';
     }
     else{
       if(out[out_ptr][outj]!='>')
         out[out_ptr][++outj]='|';
       while(inp[i][j]!='\0' && inp[i][j]!='|')
         out[out_ptr][++outj]=inp[i][j++];
       out[out_ptr][++outj]=inp[i][0];
       out[out_ptr][++outj]='\'';
     }
   }while(inp[i][j++]!='\0');
   out[out_ptr][++outj]='\0';
   out[out_ptr+1][++outj1]='\0';
   strcat(out[out_ptr+1],ep);
   out_ptr+=2;
}
void indirect(int i,int outPtr){
   int j=3,k,tempPtr,l,tp,m;
   char temp[50];
   m=i;
   while(out[outPtr][j]!='\0'){
     if(out[outPtr][j-1]=='>' || out[outPtr][j-1]=='|'){ //search each production
       for(i=m+1;i<len;i++){ //search each rule
         tempPtr=0;
         if(inp[i][0]==out[outPtr][j]){ // if starting of production is a nonterminal

          for(k=0;inp[i][k]!='\0';k++){ //search the production of nonterminal
           if((out[outPtr][0]==inp[i][k]) && (inp[i][k-1]=='>' || inp[i][k-1]=='|')){ //check for any indirect recursion
            l=3;
//substitute the nonterminal with its production
            do{
             if(out[outPtr][l]=='|' || out[outPtr][l]=='\0'){
              tp=k+1;
              while(inp[i][tp]!='|' && inp[i][tp]!='\0')
               temp[tempPtr++]=inp[i][tp++];
             }
             if(out[outPtr][l]!='\0')
             temp[tempPtr++]=out[outPtr][l];
            }while(out[outPtr][l++]!='\0');
            k=tp-1;
          }
          else
           temp[tempPtr++]=inp[i][k];
          }
          temp[tempPtr]='\0';
          strcpy(inp[i],temp);
        }

      }
    }
    j++;
   }
}

Output


Operator precedence parser

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E -> E + E | E * E | id


#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
char table[4][4]={'0','>','>','>',
         '<','>','<','>',
         '<','>','>','>',
         '<','<','<','0'};
char tab_ordr[4]={'i','+','*','$'};
int stk_res[100];
char stack[100];
int stkPtr=-1,strePtr=-1;
void push(char);
char pop();
void pushres(int);
int popres();
char peek();
void error();
int preced(char,char);
int main(){
   char str[20],temp,t[10];
   int len,inp_ptr=0,prec,no,f;
   printf("Enter the expression:- ");
   scanf("%s",str);
   push('$');
   len=strlen(str);
   str[len]='$';
   str[len+1]='\0';
   while(str[inp_ptr]!='$' || peek()!='$')
   {
     f=0;
     if(str[inp_ptr]>='0'&&str[inp_ptr]<='9'){
       no=atoi(&str[inp_ptr++]);
       while(str[inp_ptr]>='0' && str[inp_ptr]<='9')
         inp_ptr++;
       str[--inp_ptr]='i';
       f=1;
     }
     prec=preced(peek(),str[inp_ptr]);
     if(prec==0){
       if(f==1)
         pushres(no);
       push(str[inp_ptr++]);
     }
     else if(prec==1){

       do{
         temp=pop();
         switch(temp){
         case '+':if(strePtr<1)
             error();
           pushres(popres()+popres());
           break;
         case '*':if(strePtr<1)
             error();
           pushres(popres()*popres());
           break;
         }
       }
       while(preced(peek(),temp)!=0);
     }
     else
       error();
     }
     printf("Result= %d\n",popres());
     return 0;
}
void push(char a){
   stack[++stkPtr]=a;
}
char pop(){
   return stack[stkPtr--];
}
void pushres(int a){
   stk_res[++strePtr]=a;
}
int popres(){
   return stk_res[strePtr--];
}
char peek(){
  return stack[stkPtr];
}
void error(){
   printf("Error\n");
   exit(1);
}
int preced(char a,char b)
{
  int i,j;
  for(i=0;i<4;i++){
     if(tab_ordr[i]==a)
       break;
  }
  for(j=0;j<4;j++){
     if(tab_ordr[j]==b)
       break;
  }
  if(i==4 || j==4)
     error();
  else{
     if(table[i][j]=='<')
       return 0;
       else if(table[i][j]=='>')
         return 1;
       else
         return 2;
  }
}

Output




Shift reduce parser

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E -> E + E | E * E | id

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
char str[100],stack[100];
int stkPtr=-1;
void push(char);
char pop();
char peek();
void error(int);
void display(char[],int);
int main(){
  int i,len,tp,k;
   char tmp[3],ch,dis[30];
  printf("Enter the expression:- ");
  gets(str);
  push('$');
  len=strlen(str);
  str[len]='$';
  str[len+1]='\0';
  printf("--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
  printf("|\t\tStack\t\t|\t\tInput\t\t|\t\tAction\t\t |\n");
  printf("--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
  for(i=0;i<len;i++){
    if(str[i]>='0' && str[i]<='9'){
      tp=i;
      while(str[i+1]>='0'&&str[i+1]<='9')
         i++;
      display("shift",tp);
      push('I');
      if(str[i+1]!='\0'){
        display("reduce:- E->I",i+1);
        ch=pop();
        push('E');
      }
    }
    else if(str[i]=='+' || str[i]=='-' || str[i]=='/' || str[i]=='*'){
       display("shift",i);
      push(str[i]);
    }
    else
      error(i);
  }
  while(stkPtr>=3){
    for(i=stkPtr,k=0;k<3;i--,k++)
      tmp[k]=stack[i];
      if(tmp[0]=='E' && (tmp[1]=='+' || tmp[1]=='-' || tmp[1]=='*' || tmp[1]=='/') && tmp[2]=='E'){
         sprintf(dis,"reduce:- E->%c%c%c",tmp[0],tmp[1],tmp[2]);
        display(dis,strlen(str)-1);
        pop();
        pop();
      }
    else
      error(strlen(str)-1);
  }
  k=stkPtr;
  for(i=stkPtr;i>=0;i--)
    tmp[i]=stack[i];
  tmp[k+1]='\0';
  if(strcmp(tmp,"$E")==0)
    display("SUCCESS",strlen(str)-1);
  else
    error(strlen(str)-1);
  printf("\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
  return 0;
}
void push(char a){
  stack[++stkPtr]=a;
}
char pop(){
   return stack[stkPtr--];
}
char peek(){
  return stack[stkPtr];
}
void error(int a){
  display("ERROR",a);
  printf("\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
  exit(1);
}
void display(char a[100],int m){
  int j;
  char *ptr,stk[100];
  ptr=&str[m];
  printf("\n| ");
  for(j=0;j<=stkPtr;j++)
    stk[j]=stack[j];
  stk[j]='\0';
  printf("%-30s",stk);
  printf("|%25s\t",ptr);
  printf("|\t%-25s|",a);
}

Output




Recursive descent parser

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E -> E + T | T
T -> T * F | F
F -> (E) | id

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
void T();
void EPRIME();
void F();
void TPRIME();
void ERROR();
void E();
int i=0;
char str[100];
int main(){
  printf("Enter the expression:- ");
  gets(str);
   E();
  if(strlen(str)==i)
    printf("Valid Expression\n");
  else
    printf("Invalid Expression\n");
  return 0;
}
void E(){
  T();
  EPRIME();
}
void EPRIME(){
  if(str[i]=='+'){
    i++;
    T();
    EPRIME();
  }
}
void T(){
  F();
  TPRIME();
}
void TPRIME(){
   if(str[i]=='*'){
    i++;
    F();
    TPRIME();
  }
}
void F(){
   if(str[i]>='0'&&str[i]<='9'){
    i++;
    while(str[i]>='0'&&str[i]<='9')
      i++;
  }
  else{
    if(str[i]=='('){
      i++;
      E();
      if(str[i]==')')
        i++;
      else
        ERROR();
    }
    else
      ERROR();
  }
}
void ERROR(){
  printf("Invalid Expression\n");
   exit(1);
}

Output